M. Rouzbeh
Abstract
The furrow opener type and press wheel configuration in no-till seeders can have a major effect on crop emergence in conservation tillage systems. This is particularly important in southern regions of Fars province where in annual double-cropping systems (winter wheat and summer maize) a large volumes ...
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The furrow opener type and press wheel configuration in no-till seeders can have a major effect on crop emergence in conservation tillage systems. This is particularly important in southern regions of Fars province where in annual double-cropping systems (winter wheat and summer maize) a large volumes of maize residue remain on the soil surface. A field study was conducted to determine the effects of furrow opener type and press wheel configuration on sowing performance and subsequent wheat yield in rotation with corn. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in four replications. The treatments consisted of four different configurations for no-till seeder: no-till seeder with tine opener without press wheel (Notill.1), no-till with tine opener and press wheel (Notill.2), no-till with disk opener without press wheel (Notill.3), no-till with disk opener and press wheel (Notill.4), and conventional planter with shoe opener, and press wheel (Con.Drill). The results showed that furrow opener type and press wheel configuration had a significant effect on planting depth, speed of emergence, depth uniformity and crop yield. The Notill.1 and Notill.2 treatments increased sowing depth by 36.4% compared to Notill.4 and Notill.3 treatments. The highest depth uniformity was observed in Notill.3 and then in Notill.4 treatments,. The findings revealed that upon removing the press wheel from the seeding unit, higher speed in emergence was found in both the disk and tine opener treatments (Notill.1, Notill.3), compared to press wheel treatments (Notill.2, Notill.4). A comparison of mean values wheat yield showed that when the press wheel was not used, the Notill.1 and Notill.3 treatments caused increasing in crop yield by 11.7% and 14.2% as compared to Notill.2 and Notill.4 treatments, respectively.
Ali Khani
Abstract
Heavy crop residue on the soil surface impedes no-till drill performance and subsequent crop production in conservation tillage systems and therefore limit its adoption by farmers. Therefore, a field study was conducted to determine the effects of various residue management methods on no-till drill performance. ...
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Heavy crop residue on the soil surface impedes no-till drill performance and subsequent crop production in conservation tillage systems and therefore limit its adoption by farmers. Therefore, a field study was conducted to determine the effects of various residue management methods on no-till drill performance. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in five replications. The residue management systems were in four levels of leaving (T1), removing (T2), chopping (T3) and disking (T4). Factor analysis was used to group and identify the most effective indicators of drill performance. The results showed that various residue management methods had a significant effect on planting depth, the speed of emergence, effective field capacity, and depth uniformity. The minimum planting depth and depth uniformity observed for the T1 treatment in the corn crop. The findings revealed that the speed of emergence and depth uniformity was in the order T2>T3>T1>T4and T2>T3>T4>T1 in the corn crop. The results of factor analysis indicated that speed of emergence, planting depth and uniformity of depth were identified as the most effective indicators for evaluating no-till drill performance indexes.
Majid Roozbeh
Abstract
Residue management and optimizing nitrogen fertilization are important factors in sustainable no tillage systems. A field study was conducted to evaluate the consequence of different residue methods and fertilizer levels of nitrogen on grain nitrogen uptake, accumulation of soil nitrate residual and ...
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Residue management and optimizing nitrogen fertilization are important factors in sustainable no tillage systems. A field study was conducted to evaluate the consequence of different residue methods and fertilizer levels of nitrogen on grain nitrogen uptake, accumulation of soil nitrate residual and corn yield under no till system. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with spit-plot arranged in three replications. The residue management systems consisted of three levels of leaving the residues (R.M1), removing residues from field (R.M2) and chopping and leaving the residues on the field (R.M3) as the main plot and four rates of N fertilizer as the subplots which included of: 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg N ha-1. The results showed that different residue managements and N fertilizer rates had a significant effect on soil nitrate accumulation and grain nitrogen uptake. The maximum accumulation of soil nitrate was observed for the R.M2treatment and the minimum soil nitrate residualoccurred for the R.M3.The R.M2 × N3 interaction reduced residual soil nitrate by 27.2% compared to R.M2 × N4 treatment. The findings revealed that R.M3 and R.M1 treatments reduced grain N uptake by 4.5% and 9.4% compared to R.M2, respectively. The results of this study revealed that R.M3× N3 interaction had a greater impact on crop yield and grain N uptake than when R.M3 or N3 treatment was used alone.
